Male Lung Cancer Patients Social Support and Death Anxiety

Male Lung crabmeat Patients well-disposed bear and demise AnxietyRajput NituAbstractOne of the study challenges faced by India is the rapid growth of lung genus crab louse and its divesting impact upon pitying invigoration. The lung crab louse patients suffering from severe expiry dread and in addition ask a lot of favorable frequent. The present investigation has been undertaken in regulate to study the tender backing and goal trouble of lung crabmeat patients in relation to age. Purposive sample was used to select lung crab louse patients from rise up-bred hospital in the city of Ahmadabad. The total sample size was of 90 virile populations, which were divided into devil assemblys. The first group was 60 lung crabmeat patients, who were divided into two age groups 31 to 40 and 41 to 50 age age groups. The second group was on 30 figure contentednesss who were too divided two age groups 31 to 41 and 41 to 50 yrs age groups. PGI fond back outpe rform and last anguish denture were used for data collection. The t block out technique was adopted for data analysis, t was nominate for battle among convention subject and lung crabby person patients. The study establish that in that respect was tautingful digression among lung malignant neoplastic disease patients and design population in affectionate ache and end care. It was form that there was no world-shattering difference amongst 31 to 40 and 41 to 50 age lung cancer patient age groups. Lung cancer patients suffering from more stopping point solicitude and they receive more brotherly affirm compared than normal population.Social support and finish disturbance of staminate lung cancer patients in relation to age.Lung cancer has become one of the leading causes of cancer final stops in developed countries and is withal rising at an alarming rate in developing countries. condescension the advances made in diagnosing and treatment in the last hardly a(prenominal) decades, the prognosis of lung cancer is still very poor (Parsons, 2010).The well-nigh prevalent cause of lung cancer is long-term exposure to tobacco smoke (Merck manual Professional Edition lung carcinoma tumors of the lung, 2007). Lung cancer forms in tissues of the lung, plebeianly in the cells veneer air passages (U.S. National Cancer Institute, 2010). Projection estimates from the WHO has shown that by the year 2030, cancer will account for 12% of ends in India (WHO, 2010). Cancer suffer is not a purely physical experience hardly involves complex aspects of kind-hearted serviceing, including personality, affect, cognition, and behavior, coping and hearty relations. Research on psychological factors influencing cancer hurt has focused on two main areas mental distress and pain coping. Numerous Studies dupe examined the human relationship in the midst of cancer pain and divers(a) forms of psychological distress.Social backup manSocial sup port may be viewed as a part of the coping process in invigoration with a inveterate strain much(prenominal) as a chronic illness like cancer (Thoits, 1986). Consequently, the chronic strain/psychological version relationships is likely to be mediated by moderator variables such as kindly support (Katz and Vami, 1993). Social supports are commonly defined as function performed for an individual under stress by prodigious other(a)s such as family members, friends, or professionals (Nelles, 1991). Rose (1990) determined the dimensions and characteristics of components of support functions in 64 non hospitalized expectant cancer patients. They showed distinctiveness of primary network members by their overall taste for tangible aid from family, for modeling from friends who had cancer, and for open communications and clarifications from health professionals. Family and friends were every bit preferred for dealing with affective reactions to the stressfulness of cancer. Houston and Kendall (1992) examined this aspect by studying patients with lung cancer. They found that patients who are encouraged to and permitted to verbalize their feelings by a friend or staff who is interested in, empathetic, and non-judgmental are better able to overcome feelings of anxiety and fear, and they progress through the stages of the illness process easily. Ell (1992) examined the relationship amongst social relationships and social support and survival following a first diagnosis of knocker, colon, or lung cancer in 294 patients. pass ons call down that the aroused support forgetd by the primary network members was a critical factor explaining the relationship betwixt indicators of social relationship and mortality. Rose (1993) measures the processes and outcomes of emotional support in interactions between adult cancer patients and health providers. Emotional support processes were assesses as craved support, received support, and congruence. The older patients wer e found to expect intimacy as the most important, whereas the younger patients felt that being able to ventilate their feelings was the most important. In addition, the older patients received less emotional support from providers than did middle -aged patients, but younger patients were more inclined than the other 2 groups to feel that the emotional support they received was not congruent with support they desired. Aymanns (1995) studied the interrelationships between the coping behaviors of 169 cancer patients and perceived amount and adequacy of family support, as well as the role of these factors in predicting psychosocial valuation reserve to cancer. Survey data suggested that cognitive strategies of coping may be more effective in mobilizing family support than behavioral strategies. Klein (1994) explored the relationship of daily hassles demand of illness, and social support to the psychosocial adjustment of people with newly diagnosed, primary lung cancer. It was found tha t the participants report relatively advanced social support, low hassles, moderately low demand of illness, and po razzive adjustment.Death AnxietyPatients with cancer experience the plan of attack of death, which increases their fear of dying and the fervency of suffering. Cancer carries the threat of death and during the stage in which they may be approaching their last days patients can experience the approach of death with increased fear of dying and fear of increasing pain intensity. Studies have attempted to explore the components of death anxiety. Adelbratt and Strang, (2000) studied death anxiety among 20 patients with brain tumors and 15 of their next of kin. Death anxiety has been analyzed with case to various socio-demographic factors and most frequently with age. Tsai, (2004) conducted a study in 224 patients with entrepot cancers admitted to the Palliative Care Unit. The severity of death fear decreased bit by bit in both groups after being admitted to the hospic e. However, the elderly ( 65 eld of age) displayed higher aims of death fear than the younger group at two days before death. A large negative correlation was observed between the degree of death fear and the total good death score in both groups at two days before. The relationship between death anxiety and other personal factors were examined in most of the studies. Grumman and Spiegel, (2003) conducted a study among twelve cancer patients to determine their approach towards death anxiety. The results indicated the presence of significant death anxiety among the subjects. It was also reported that they were dissipated by unresolved issues and higher anxiety and pain. The majority of the subjects expressed a desire to actively discuss their impending death and more than one-half of the patients reported being afraid of death and high death anxiety was associated with fear of dying in pain, high peak or usual pain, unresolved issues, and difficulty in parting with family in de ath. Most subjects go through their religious faith as an important source of comfort and strength.In rough of the studies, death anxiety was found to be related to affective factors such as anxiety and depression Mystakidou, (2005) reported significant correlation between death anxiety depression and anxiety among terminally ill cancer patients. On the whole, the studies suggest that death anxiety is related to age, state of illness, and other affective components such as anxiety and depression, fear of being dislocated from significant others indicating the achievable existence of an affective network related to death anxiety.MethodSampleThe sample size of this study was 90 male subjects. Subjects were divided into two groups. The fist groups was experimental groups which included 60 male lung cancer patients, and the second groups was control groups which consisted of 30 normal and physically fitting male. Male lung cancer patients and normal male subjects will be sub-divide d into two age groups - (1) 31 to 40 years age groups. (2) 41 to 50 years age groups. Out which 31 to 40 years 30 male lung cancer patients and 41 to 50 years 30 male lung cancer.Research DesignThe general objective of present study is to image the significant difference between social support and death anxiety of lung cancer patients and normal subjects. In particular, t was found difference between social support and death anxiety of normal subject and lung cancer patients. t will also be found for difference in means between the two age groups.Research ToolsP.G.I social support questionnaire (SSQ)- social support questionnaire constructed and standardized by (Dr. Ritu Nehra, Dr. Parmanand Kulhara, and Dr. Santosh K. Verma, 1998). Thakur death anxiety scale (TDAS)- Death anxiety scale constructed and standardized by(Giridhar Prasad and Manju Thakur, 1984). Both SSQ and TDAS test provide consistent, reliable and valid scores.Research ProcedureThe above mentioned two scales were ad ministered on the selected sample of lung cancer patients and normal subjects. Some personal information was also collected with bio-data sheet prepared for the same purpose. after(prenominal) establishing rapport with for each one lung cancer patients and normal persons respectively and Social Support Scale and death anxiety scale were administered in Individual setting, scaling of eachtool was done by the scoring key of each tool. After respondent completed answered the test, it was checked whether all the items were answered completely. Scoring and interpretation was done using the standard scoring key given in test manual. In particular, t was found difference between social support and death anxiety of normal subject and lung cancer patients. t will also be found for difference in means between the two age groups. After the discussion the result were summarized and think according to the design of research study.ResultTable no .1The mean of social support of lung cancer pat ients and normal subjects were 49.75, 37.87 and SD 7.48, 5.10. The obtainedt value is 8.86 significant at 0.01 trains. accordingly it is reason out that lung cancer patients and normal subjects have significant difference to level of social support. The above table shows that lung cancer patients receive more social support compared than normal subjects. The mean of social support of 31 to 40 and 41 to 50 years lung cancer patients were 51.2, 48.3 and SD 7.80, 6.9. The obtainedt value is 1.53 no significant at 0.01 levels. Hence it is concluded that 31to 40 and 41 to 50 years lung cancer patients have no significant difference to level of social support. The above table shows there is a no significant difference between the mean scores of two age groups on social support. The mean of death anxiety of lung cancer patients and normal subjects were 57.92, 46.03 and SD 6.73, 10.48. The obtainedt value is 5.69 significant at 0.01 levels. Hence it is concluded that lung cancer patients and normal subjects have significant difference to level of death anxiety. The above table shows that lung cancer patients are suffer more death anxiety compared than normal subjects and there is a significant difference between the mean scores of cancer patients and normal subjects on death anxiety. The mean of death anxiety of 31 to 40 and 41 to 50 years lung cancer patients were 59.86, 55.97 and SD 6.22, 6.67. The obtainedt value is 2.32 significant at 0.01 levels. Hence it is concluded that 31to 40 and 41 to 50 years lung cancer patients have significant difference to level of death anxiety. The above table shows there is significant difference between the mean scores of two age groups on death anxiety.DiscussionFrom the results obtained in the present study it is found that there is a significant difference between social support of lung cancer patients and normal person. The study clearly portrays that the cancer patients receive more social support more than normal persons. These people require someone to sit with them, listen to their expression of feeling and thoughts. Weismen and wortman (1975) found that emotional support was utile when it came from family members and they also found that social support at the time of diagnosis was associated with less emotional distress and longer duration of life. Moreover, sharing cancer experiences with other group members has positive effects, as participating in the group helps to develop effective coping strategies and improves emotional adaptation (Spiegel, 1981).Till the 20th century, most patients with cancer were cared for by their families. By the 1930, cancer began to receive wider caution from the medical research community and soon several national cancer societys by professionals came into existence. In the US, training of social workers for help of patients with cancer provided the first professional discipline devoted to the care of the psychosocial issues of patients with cancer.It is also fou nd that there is no significant difference between social support of 31 to 40 years and 41 to 50 years lung cancer patients. There is significant difference between death anxiety of lung cancer patients and normal parsons. Tolor(1989) see the relationship between subjective life expectancy, death anxiety and general anxiety patients with cancer experience the approaching of death , which the intensity of suffering cancer carries the threat of death and during the stage in which they may be approaching their last days.Age difference on death anxiety found that 31 to 40 years lung cancer patients significantly high death anxiety than 41 to 50 years lung cancer patients. Thorson and Powel, (1998) emphasized age difference in death Anxiety. 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