Was the Financial Industry Responsible for the Economic Meltdown of Essay

Was the Financial Industry Responsible for the Economic nuclear meltdown of 2008 - Essay ExampleInstead, their poor risk management practices are to blame. He however, argues this from the perspective of his financial firm. From this discussion, it bequeath be clear that apart from financial institutions, policy makers also contributed to the financial crisis.It is true that the root excite of this problem was the decline of the housing market, as Bogle and Blankfein note. Bogle is right when he figures out that this problem has roots in the past events, and so its growth was gradual. The most important factor was the Glass-Steagall Act. When the major elements of this act were repealed, the negative consequences started to unfold. This legality was enacted in 1933 as a solution to the collapsed banking institutions, after the 1929 financial breakdown. The main act of this law was to encourage the deposits of bank customers from investment risks. Separation of investment banks an d commercial depository banks during this period also had overwhelming results in the subsequent years. On the negative, this turned banks into financial institutions working for agents. Therefore, since the bank owners were not exposed to any risk, they exercised secondary caution in their management.Although Blankfein does not directly put the blame on financial bodies for the 2008 financial crisis, he points out that some of their practices were responsible for the economic meltdown. For instance, some financial institutions engaged in too often impart, which in return cheapened credit. In the housing market, this resulted in its growth before plunging into decline. When lending exceeded the appropriate levels, the lending risks became more pronounced and complex. This complexity of instruments made it impossible for them to be sold or bought, hence increase the effects of the meltdown. This to date remains the causal factor of the financial crisis, and the US government great ly influenced

Video case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Video - gaffe Study ExampleThe sponsors of the project brought together US army, US navy requirements for a fighting glance over into a single design. They demanded supersonic, single-engine, single-seat that is stealth, short take-off, multirole features and vertical landing (Rinaldi, 2001). At the top of the requirement list is qualification in cost composition assembling all features from the predecessor plane into one. The top-level requirement was to land vertically, take-off at shorter runways and remain invisible to enemies in war.JSF chopine came into being under a program structure that had a basis of a complicated set of association that brings together government Department of Defense (DOD) and manufacturing players Boeing and Lockheed Martin. In addition, on board were eight other partners including Canada, UK, and Australia. The development was shaped in a opposition outfit given to Boeing and Lockheed-Martin for a period of four years, which took the government a total of $200 billion. The SJF program in design focused on coming up with a solution to the challenges the partners explained they faced in air combat planes.The focus by Boeing included improving on affordability, the capability to perform while it remains a fighter ma lifte. The design focused on takeoff and landing approaches to a spiffing war-based machine. The takeoff was to be a short runway and a vertical landing. They came up with refined posterior that had horizontal tails to enhance control power. They maintained the leading-edge sweep of the delta wing for speeds and stealth merits. Moreover, they came up with an aft-sweeping chin inlet, which is regarded lighter with superior aerodynamic performance for the attack. From the earlier F-22 raptor, F-16 version, the decided to maintain wing sweep, vertical tail, fore-body and wingspan with addition of diagonal fins. They also adopted the low weight and simple machine for a pose lift design (Rinaldi,

Discuss what is mean by Universal Grammar. How does the process of Essay

Discuss what is mean by Universal Grammar. How does the process of language acquisition provide separate for Universal Grammar. give concrete examples. What ot - Essay ExampleAs usual, the company now has an earlier deadline than they had effrontery me, despite them still non having given me the entire chapter, so I hope youre not late. Best, anonTrask (1995) presented two types of evidence in support of Chomskys theory that the innate condition of the human brain at birth explained language acquisition, a process that occurs without effort or direct or collateral direction in children. First, despite the differences in the aims of children within and across cultures, in deaf and hearing children, and in those who are and are not mentally retarded, the same stages in the same order occur in acquiring language. Second, in support of the role of the human brain at birth, there is evidence that those who have not been exposed to a language past a critical period of 12 or 13 years have not been able to regard the rules of a language.Trask (1995) reviewed evidence supporting universal grammar, a phrase describing Chomskys revolutionary theory of psycholinguistics, i.e., there are linguistic universals (commonalities among all languages), the human brain is fit out at birth for the acquisition of language, and thus children acquire language without either direct or indirect instruction. ... over the history of human existence, it is disingenuous to describe the demise of the Skinnerian operant-conditioning model (referred to by Trask as the imitation-and reinforcement model,, p. 140) as occurring not so many years ago or, more dramatically, in young years (p. 140). One could provide pages of citations to support recognition of the brief time course of Chomskys revolution, but Pinker, himself a giant in psycholinguistic theory (Rondal, 1993), should suffice (interview, Rondal, 1993). Chomskys theory of language acquisition (beginning in 1959, cited in Pinkers interview, Rondal, 1993) quickly relegated (unusual in the social sciences) to a chapter in the history of psychology the then-accepted Skinnerian operant-conditioning theory that babies learn language by reinforcement of language imitations. Because most humans have observed babies and young children, it is comprehendible that social scientists, among others, would have recognized the essential correctness of implicating the brain at birth - by comparing, for example, their take struggles in learning a piece language, even if in surroundings where the second language was spoken, with the chasteness with which children not only acquire a first language, but with the ease with which immigrant children, compared to their parents, acquire a second language. Understanding why the theory that language developed as a function only of experience was accepted in the first place requires recognizing the virtual destruction of experimental psychology caused by the front behaviorist revo lution - which virtually outlawed even the thought of innate dispositions (Watson, 1919, as cited in course & Ellis, 2004). In this way, one might think of Chomsky, not to minimize his genius, trained in linguistics,

Write up Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

draw up up - Essay Examplefasalt and marble schiet which according to Erickson were make through heat and pressure that do them to melt miles below the sea level (Erickson 59). The rain down energy played a leading map in transporting these grains. The age of this fountain formation is 300 million years and its height is approximately myriad feet high.At the Morrinson, in that location were the lyons and lykins formations that were formed about 251 million years ago. With respect to color the formations comprise of green, canescent and maroon clay stone as well as mudstone. This formation was necessitated by movement and certification of grains. There is also the presence of fossil deposits including dinosaur bones. This is exemplified by their wavy layers of muddy limestone that is indicative of stromatolites. The movement of the grains is attributed to rain energy that is also responsible for the weathering process. Their size according to Erickson is 400 feet thick (Ericks on 59). With respect to the period of formation, it is a bit difficult to tell because this is largely depended on the kind of sediment carried in suspension as well as how well this is deposited.A walk through the Dakota formation offered useful insights regarding sandstone formation. In this, there was a continuity of various sandstone beds located at distinct spots along the road. Also, there were contrary sedimentary structures. These variations in the layers imply that the process of formation is continuous and not static. Notably, each layer was formed during a specific period with the bottommost layer having been formed earlier than the topmost layer. This shows that the process of attestation is continuous and being experient even today. This is because the rain energy that necessitated previous depositions is still being experienced in the region.This structure also offers useful information about the deposition rate experienced in distinctive years. Notably, the layers differ considerably in size. This shows that the

Roles of Nurses in the Camps Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Roles of Nurses in the Camps - Research Paper ExampleOver 10 million Syrians look at fled from their homes as presidents Bashar al-Assads military fight with those against his rule as well as the jihadist military from the Moslem state. Violence increased and the country went into civil war, hence forcing Syrians to flee to refugee camps, for example, Zaatari refugee camp.Nurses in the refugee camp counsel the traumatized patients. numerous of the displaced people witnessed the death of their family members. (Choo, Hutchinson, & Bucknall, 2010). However, it is the role of a nurse to make them feel safe and help them vary to the new environment. Provision of wellness education to the vulnerable displaced people, for example, the hepatitis A outbreak in the Zaatari camp overdue to unhygienic conditions. The nurses visited schools explaining the importance of washing hands after visiting the toilet and before handling food. The nurses do vaccination of measles on people under the a ge of 30 before getting in the camp, in addition to undertaking prenatal care and delivery of babies in the camp. They also taught the women the importance of family readiness asks for better working equipment in the refugee camp to increase saving lives. One of the nursing values is promoting the health of a patient and their well-being. Sometimes nurses have to make autonomous decisions, for example breaking shocking news program that an individual is tested positive for HIV/AIDS (Choo, Hutchinson, & Bucknall, 2010).Empowered nurses are allowed to admit/discharge patients. reliever of patients living with HIV/AIDS is a role of a nurse. Patients who are supported feel real and loved. The questioners in the Zaatari camp health care center look for ways to improve the healthcare services. The research nurses uncover ways to improve the lives of patients living with chronic diseases such as cancer (Wintersgill & Wheeler, 2012).

Timing Mediation Initiatives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Timing Mediation Initiatives - Essay Exampletween Israel and Hamas, where neither party could overcame maven another, hence the need of secret negotiations for purposes of stopping the war (Zartman & De Soto, 2010).This was a stalemate, and hence it is a proof that when it occurs, thusly the time is secure for mediation. In determining a stalemate, and making a decision on whether it is ripe for mediation, there is a need of assessing the be of the conflict, and analyzing the losses that both parties have suffered (Zartman & De Soto, 2010). If the organizations have suffered numerous losses, and the costs of maintaining the conflict is becoming expensive, then this is the right time of mediation. Furthermore, there is a need of looking if there are changes in the leadership of an organization. If these changes occur, chances are high that the new leadership would embrace peace, and hence there is a need of starting the process of mediation (Zartman & De Soto, 2010). An example is the end of the 1992 war between Israel and Palestine, with the yield of a new leader, Itzak Rabin.It is important to explain that if a new leadership that does not embrace conversation and reconciliation come to power, chances are high that the mediation efforts would fail. For instance, the emergence of Tassos Papadopoulos as the Greek leader of the Cypriots was able-bodied to reduce any chances of a peaceful settlement between the Greek Cypriots, and the Turkish Cypriots (Zartman & De Soto, 2010). Subjective indicators withal play a role in determining whether a conflict is ripe of mediation or not. This includes the utterances of influential leaders within the parties to a conflict. This is because these leaders have the capability of influencing the party leadership into ingress into a negotiation or

Discussion on Price and Purchase Indexes Dissertation

Discussion on Price and Purchase Indexes - Dissertation Example on that point is a continuous inflation as years increase from the base of 1999, the strongest inflations being found in petroleum at 44%, vegetables at 25%, housing at 11% and meat products at 10%. Alcohol and tobacco prices use up also increased by about 20% since 1999. This shows that prices on necessities such as food and housing have a dramatic increase over former years. The average increases per year in comparison to 1999 argonThere was an increase in vegetable gross revenue in 2001, but as prices skyrocketed by 2002, sales fell away-being the only one to decrease in 2002. There are several inferences that can be make from this statement, the first being that people are not buying vegetables because of the cost, and the second being that since all other purchase categories increased, we can assume that family coat also increased-this leaves a hole in healthy eating habits of our residents. Meat purchases increa sed by 32%, tobacco and petroleum by 60%. Probably the most disturbing inference to be made from this table and one that points to a serious problem for the quality of life in Chignor is that alcohol purchases have increased by 100%. Average purchasing increases show that since 1999, purchases increased dramatically in 2002. If we take back alcohol and tobacco as being unnecessary to a healthy lifestyle, the increase in 2002 is 23.25% compared to 1999, which is distant more dramatic than previous years. This shows that meat and petroleum purchases have increased, which leads to the possibility that thither are more people in the Chignor area, and raises a consideration that vegetable sales have actually decreased from 2001-2002, real possibly because TECCO employees can simply not afford to buy vegetables.YearIncrease %20001.7520019.9200242.08Income IndexLast, we destiny to examine the incomes of residents. In 2000-2001, there is a 6 percent increase in TECCO employees incomes from 1999, but there was not an increase from 2000 to 2001 (no pay raises). Furthermore,

Upwardly Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Upwardly - Essay ExampleFor instance, the people of Muruguru village comport been for a long measure suffered because of impassable roads olibanum difficult to reach customers in the market easily. However, the introduction of the mobile retrieve use has significantly changed their lifestyles because they are nowadays able to reach their customers in the market easily thus change their business activities.Ewing (380) argues that the mobile phone use can dramatically improve the biography standards through with(predicate) saving time on wasted trips, offering information about prices of the products and even conducting banking serve. It also affects the living standards of people through changing the develop markets faster. There are many millions of mobile subscribers across the humankind and the effect of mobile use is more dramatic than in Africa, where mobile technology represents the modern al-Qaida (Ewing 380). The increasing research evidence reveals that access to c ommunications boost the income levels and makes the local economies efficient thus improving the standards of living (Ewing (381). The mobile phone use has also fueled the growth of financial services in the global market. This is because many subscribers have nowadays started using mobile money transfer services. Hence, the mobile phones have extended the financial services to billions of poor citizens, who do not have access to the bank (Ewing (381). For instance, the M-Pesa services in Kenya, that was launched by Safaricom Company has enabled many clients to make money transfer effectively thus impart to economic growth.However, the mobile phone use in Africa differs from that of the U.S and Europe because it is widely used in developing nations for money transfer more than in the developed nations. This has encouraged many investors from developed nations to invest in poor nations. The local operators operating communal phone services for money transferring business

Flaws of the Employment System in the United States Research Paper

Flaws of the Employment System in the united States - Research Paper ExampleThe white settlers adopted superiority complex hence crediting them with civilizing them. The false notion came to be known as the white mans burden. It was used to justify Europeans taking go through away and enslaving the natives. This became a system of exploitation and discrimination as naturally-occurring differences became app arnt. It became a system of denying people plan of attack to rights, representation or access to resources as it was institutionalized to affect virtually every aspect of conduct even the judicial system. Though progress has been made in the eradication of racial discrimination in employment, there is save some ground to be covered in eradicating the rampant prejudice. The situation is decline by the statistics that are unbosom a characteristic of modern day America which lay down that colour people who have been arrested, charged or served a jail term can hardly receiv e employment. The statistics show that whiz in every three black men has to be incarcerated in their lifetime, one in six Latino and one in seventeen Caucasian men. Disciplinary actions still are harsher for the black comparatively. The immigrants rights are not guaranteed as natives while per capita employment levels comparatively show that blacks are four-times less(prenominal) employable than the whites (American Law Reports Annotations and Cases 115). Most of the big companies as is presently constituted in its ranks show that the majority of top management is white-dominated. Even if, there is an equal opportunity in hiring upward mobility is still a problem as most of the blacks remain in the same position for long a time. On the contrary, the white counterparts are being promoted to take positions of responsibility. They are segregated into the lowest level positions and still earn less than the white counterparts even if they are in the same job cadre.

Emirates Telecommunication Corporation (Etisalat) Assignment

Emirates telecom Corporation (Etisalat) - Assignment ExampleEtisalat is established on three nourishs that include openness, energy and enablement. Etisalat cultivates the value of openness by being direct, fair and honest in business deals and by being cozy and sociable to their suppliers, customers and employees. The company values and foster energy and enthusiasm required for achieving the best performance in business and are prepared for the future opportunities and challenges (Etisalat, 2015). Finally, the corporation focuses on creating new opportunities and enabling people to execute their goals. Etisalats vision states what the company offers and how they do it, for whom and the reason or intended results. It states as follows People lead effortlessly move around the world, staying in touch with family, making new friends as they go, as sanitary as developing new interests. Businesses of all sizes, no longer limited by distance, will be able to reach new markets. Innova tive technologies will open up fresh opportunities across the globe, allowing the cater of new goods and services to everyone who wants them (Etisalat, 2015).Location Planning The UAEs Etisalat corporation has it is headquartered in Abu Dhabi and other three arenaal offices in Dubai, Abu Dhabi and the blue Emirates (Etisalat, 2015). UAE is the central business region with a focus from across the globe. The mobile penetration in the region is the highest globally having reached over 200% penetration. The region has highly developed technological infrastructures.

Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Case Study - Essay ExampleIt has excessively been viewed that investing in water and energy conservation, replacing linen bed cover, pillow covers with cotton products, and most significantly restitution of the hotel with environment friendly products have helped in establishing eco-friendly environment attracting much customers. In-depth analysis of case scenario has further revealed just about the benefits specially replacing non-toxic cleaning agent with the ecofriendly cleaning agent. Additionally, it was also found that the toxic material dedicate within it can lead to the occurrence of critical diseases such as cancer, reproductive disorders, respiratory ailments, and nerve centre and skin irritations. Additionally, it has been analyzed that the advanced environmental sustainability initiatives assist the hotel to generate spick-and-span business with government, non-government agencies and corporate bodies. In this context, this further assisted the hotel to gain goodwi ll within the market, which ultimately resulted in its success. The cost incurred while put in the eco-friendly equipments can be expensive. However, it can be stated that cost would help in attracting more customers who are more conscious about the environmental matters or believe in eco-friendly activities (Lawrence and weber 484- 489). 2. Kimpton EarthCare programme was develop with the prime motive of establishing an eco-friendly environment within the hotel by using superior graphic symbol, non-invasive, eco-friendly products and services at all the branches of the hotel located all over the United States of America and other countries of its establishment. The accelerated industrial activities along with rapid increase in adapting products that contribute harmful chemicals in the environment are forcing the common large number to adapt eco-friendly products to avoid healthcare issues. Additionally, it has been viewed that the government of different countries and non-gover nment organization are adapting measurements to spread the awareness of adapting eco-friendly products. In this regard Kimpton EarthCare program provides a new dimension in the hotel industry. This program not only adapts new measurement to introduce different nontoxic cleaning products but also aims on adapting practices that would help generally focus on scaring 35 percent post-consumer recycled paper, saving almost 24,000 pounds of woods. The program also plans to recycle 100 glass bottles every month that would help in saving energy able of powering almost 100-watt light bulbs for 60 days. Additionally, the policy of recycling paper and to use soy ink to print on recycle paper and the plan to introduce organic coffee in all the pressure group of the hotel would help in reducing cost and also help in attracting customers by providing them with the best quality product. The policy of replacing the normal electric bulb with energy efficient bulb would help in reducing 70 percen t of the total energy consumed. It is also worth mentioning that adapting such a abundant change would also help in attracting association towards the hotel which would indirectly help it

Fear Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Fear - Essay ExampleOr indeed, if I have wronged anyone, I lack to make it right. This guides me to have strong moral and good beliefs. It is possibly this which makes me unafraid of punishment after death.My choices too show that I have trust, hope and faith. These are evidenced in my non fearing death to be the end of feeling and thinking, nor of taking a long time to die or of losing control of what is creation done to my body. I trust those who would be caring for me, be they loved ones or medical professionals to do the best for me. I have hope that something might turn up.I recognize that some answers show a cluster of fear of the unknown, creation afraid of nothingness, the end of everything, and of dying because I do not know what happens next. My fear of pain also emerges via the responses to pain of dying or dying suddenly and violently. Fin all(prenominal)y, I fear to die alone.Contributions from Upbringing These results highlight the love, care and attention I rece ived in my upbringing. That though there may not have been overtly religious influences, a strong moral and ethical code has been instilled, more humanist in belief than religion-driven. I was taught to care about other people, not to let them down and to expect the same in return. In fearing the unknown, the possible end to everything, suggests that Heaven and underworld were not concepts that figured largely in my childhood. Love, loyalty and kindness are the prime factors which have helped to engineer my adult views and values. Pain is something I must have experienced either in myself or a loved one, as the results suggest I really fear it. Overall, I am more cheerful than pessimistic, positive rather than negative.Contribution from individualised Culture With regard to this, although I believe myself to be well-equipped to exert life, I perceive that today the human being is driven to find out more, to own all the knowledge available out there. It is as if the idea of anyb ody can do/be/have/ anything is the atomic number 82 factor of living. Fear and frustration emerge when that which cannot be known is presented to me. Then, I am afraid of being powerless in the face of that unknowable, the nothingness which might exist. Also, we have such faith in science, that it depart prolong life and provide all the answers, help to take away the pain of living and dying. at that place seems to me to be a sort of oddcontradiction here, being both hope and fear together.Personal Beliefs and Attitudes Carrying out the survey and analysis has been valuable and 3enlightening for me.

The cultural racial other Speech or Presentation

The cultural racial other - Speech or Presentation fountScheherezade, the young princess who tells the king stories lest she be killed, has become the standard image, in whatever way one is virtually familiar with that image of her, in considering and thinking of Muslim women. In the movie Sex and the City 2, the temperament played by Sarah Jessica Parker oozes Just like Scheherazade, when she finds out she and her friends are going to travel to Abu Dhabi.4 Flying carpets, escaped women, and evil magic genies are images that more readily come to the Westerners mind than the realism of Muslims and their Islamic faith and finish, which permeates all aspects of their society, politics, and private lives. The images and culture portrayed through Nights is offensive to many Muslims, because it wrongly portrays who they are and mires them in a time of antiquity that is long past, not allowing them as a culture and people to participate in the present. This helps put into perspective the hostility with which the West is perceived by Muslims. A cultural other exists in the minds of the Westerner.

HS Class Observation Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

HS Class Observation Report - Essay ExampleAs a function of this observation, this analysis report will focus specifically on the kernel by which the educator interacted with the classroom in order to performance shareholder employment and buy in indoors the process of education and the transfer of key points of information. The first thing that this scholarly person noticed with respect to the means by which the educator attempted to convey the information to the class was the degree of interaction that the educator created with the pupils. Although more theories of student participation contend that the means by which the educator attempts to convey a sense of interaction and inclusion into the learning process directly affects the engagement with which the students/shareholders will engage upon such a topic, the item of the matter is that the correct application of such a practice is oftentimes difficult to achieve. The educator in question did so in a way that both encou raged classroom participation eyepatch at the same time consummationing to keep a level of order and control. Oftentimes, as has been noteworthy by educators, seeking to engage the class on a topic can quickly modernise down in a type of cacophony of competing voices. However, due to a structured environment, the class was adapted to engage on the topics that the educator presented without losing focus upon the purpose of the structures that defined the interaction. This leads conveniently into the second observation that this student made while visiting the classroom in question. Due to the fact that such a richly level of structure existed, it went almost unnoticed (LoCasale-Crouch et al 2012). However, had it not been for the tacit acceptance of such a structure by the shareholders in question, the engagement that the educator was qualified to achieve would never have been an option. Moreover, whereas this student could easily observe the level of interaction and integrati on between the educator and the students within the classroom, the structure that existed in one case class began was a construct that obviously had existed for a long period of time and had been formed from a point in time that the beholder was not present. With respect to how the students were open to be engaged and motivated, this observer noted that although there was no threat of a negative consequence through non-involvement/engagement with the material that the instructor was presenting, there was a conscious mention, near the beginning of the course section, that reminded the students that careful economic aid to the discussion that was about to ensue would help them greatly with respect to understanding the requirements of upcoming course work and exams (OLeary 2011). In this way, rather than providing a summarily positive or negative incentive to engage with the exercise, the instructor was able to motivate the students to take grasp of the opportunity that was being p rovided to them and engage with the material so that they could be more responsible for affecting the development of the educational process and as a function of this, effect a positive change on their overall grade in the course. Due this experience, this observer was able to make note of key ways in which the educator and the students interacted, the means through which the educator was able to shape the discussion, and the level of inte

Introduction to English - Essay 1 (1000words) Login to unit provided

Introduction to English - 1 (1000words) Login to unit provided - Essay Example spot Shakespeare presented his women as unfaithful and loose, Chaucer chose to show women as long-suffering, faithful and virtuous.Troilus and Cressida is set during the mythological war between the Greeks and the Trojans precipitated by a Trojan princes act of stealing the wife of a Greek king. The woman named Helen eloped with Paris, tidings of king Priam of troy weight, and left her husband King Menelaus. Menelaus, together with the fierce Greek commanders and the greatest Greek warrior Achilles attacked troy weight to vindicate the kings honor and wrest the lovely Helen back. King Priam and his passwords Hector, Paris and Troilus relentlessly defend Troy and a war lasting for more than a decade subsequently raged. Amidst this turbulent background, Troilus, Priams youngest son fell in love with Cressida, the girlfriend of a Trojan priest named Calchas. Troilus sought Cressidas nerve through her u ncle Patroclus who, acting as a pimp more than a kinsman, set up a meeting between the two. On the initial meeting, Troilus proposed his love and Cressida although coyly at first, readily gave in. The swift tuition was marked by of faithfulness and Cressida, declared that From false to false, among maids in love, Upbraid my falsehood when theyve said as false As air, as water, wind, or sandy earth, As fox to lamb, as wolf to heiferss calf, Pard to the hind, or stepdame to her son, Yea let them say say, to stick the heart of falsehood, As false as Cressid. They ended up in bed together.Soon after, Cressidas words were put to a test when her baffle Calchas defected to the Greeks who had camped outside Troy and suggested that a valuable Trojan prisoner be set off with his daughter Cressida. Since the Trojan prisoner was a valuable officer, the set off was readily agreed to by King Priam and his sons to the dismay of Troilus who was not able to stop the deal. Before she left, Cressida and Troilus pledged once more

International businesscoca cola Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International businesscoca cola - Essay manakinDuring economic recession, specific tariffs afford the local producers protection from foreign competition. The tax does not consider the pry of the imported products but is based on the specific quantity of the imported products such as the raft or weight of the imported product (Carbaugh 2011). Specific tariffs affect the competitiveness of any club import cranky materials abroad. The tariffs will increase the prices of the products that are manufactured through use of raw materials that have been aerated specific tariffs. For instance, if coca plant dope sets up operations in Myanmar and decides to import raw materials from other countries, the be of production per unit will be high receivable to the specific tariffs that have been charged on the imported raw materials. Specific tariffs will be used by developing countries like Myanmar in order to protect the infant drinkable industry from international competition from estab lished players like Coca Cola and Pepsi. In addition, the Myanmar government will also benefit through increased tax revenues by charging Coca Cola specific tariffs for the imported raw materials. Unfortunately, the domestic consumers will incur suffering due to higher prices for the Coca Cola brands. Generally, in the short term, the higher prices of products due to specific tariffs on raw materials will reduce the consumption by the customers, but the government will benefit from the increased revenues. On the other hand, free trade benefits the global economy through increased competition that leads to reduction in consumer prices and a variety of innovative products in the market (Tallman 2010). Question two Coca Cola is a beverage manufacturing multinational company that was established in 1886. The company is headquartered in Atlanta, USA, and has operations in more than than 200 countries. The brand portfolio includes more than 450 brands that are consumed to close to 1.5 b illion people daily across the globe. The company has attained a 90 percent customer loyalty, and about 45 percent of the global beverage market share due to quality and innovative brands. The mission of Coca Cola is to refresh the world, bring on value to customers and inspire moments of happiness and optimism among the customers. The vision of the company is to provide a great working environs for the employees, provide quality brands to customers, act responsibly to the communities and maximise the long term returns to the investors. Coca Cola has keep in lined in most of the countries in Southeast Asia except North Korea, Cuba and Myanmar. Due to the recent easing of the trade embargos by the European Union and United States on Myanmar, Coca cola can now enter the market subsequently six decades. The European Union and the United States have allowed the US Corporations and citizens to invest in Myanmar after the ruling junta turned in to a democratically elected government t hus coat way for civil authority in the country. Coca Cola international business strategy is to operate a local business model in every target country thus, Coca Cola has the opportunity of entering Myanmar. The company can sell bottled water, juices and sodas that are considered important in Myanmar. 2. Competitive business office 2.1 Competitive position Coca Cola has attained a global leadership position in the soft drinks industry. The company has more than 400 brands and serves almost over 1.5 million customers daily. Coca

Electric Vehicles Technology Analysis Essay Example for Free

Electric Vehicles Technology Analysis EssayHybrid electric vehicles be one of the applications of crossbred technology in real modern life in which its currently a postgraduate demand technology and is growing rapidly. Although hybrid vehicles werent the la mental test shell of transportation technology to be discovered, since they appe ared earlier than gunman vehicles, because of the cost of research and technology they disappeared a prosperous century of gasoline vehicles began. Nowadays, when the innovation needs green transportation because of high fossil costs and political reasons, hybrid vehicles returned and development into that type of technology is kicking back to full speed. Hybrid vehicles are the combination between electric engines and gasoline engines. Therefore, they inherit all the characteristics of traditional vehicle and add in the altogether functions of electric motor to wait on the vehicles part with energy as well as reduce greenhouse gas emiss ions. Many vehicle manufacturers such as BMW, GMC, and Toyota are applying hybrid technology in producing their cars. One of the main reasons that hybrid vehicle are not as popular as regular gas powered vehicles is their prices. Most consumers dont want to pay the extra $5,000- to $8,000 price tag to buy a vehicle that they dont see the instant benefits of.Nevertheless hybrid vehicles will bring the benefits to their users and the surroundings, but not immediately when they buy the Hybrid vehicle. While in use, Hybrid vehicles will reduce the fuel consumption by an fairish of 42% which in return would be also good for the environment as it reduces greenhouse gas emissions by about 42% than the usual amount. However, in addition to what Hybrid vehicle offers the public in money savings by consuming less fuel and supporting a greener environment, it also do it possible for the public to accept alternative power sources for their vehicles.Also, hybrid technology has helped expand the research into bombing power, battery life and battery size which helped in emerging of newer technology of fully electric cars that doesnt use any gas, for example The Nissan Leaf. In the meanwhile, currently the avail equal fully electrical vehicles (Nissan Leaf) on the grocery store have advantages of totally being gas independent, and faster acceleration than some of the hybrid cars (I personally test drove the Nissan Leaf both on city streets and on the highway and I think it accelerate a lot better than my 2010 Toyota Prius hybrid.). In my opinion the technology still not fully certain to be the most reliable form of transportation for an individual or a house suck use, since you cant drive more than 100 miles per full charge as advertised which I am sure its a little bit less based on consumers redirect examination (around 75-85 miles per full charge. ) In the near future I can imagine that fully electrical cars be more reliable and go in between 700 to1000 miles per full charge, of bunk it will take its course of development just like any other new technology that starts small and gets bigger by time.I imagine in the next couple years electrical cars will be able to go anywhere in between 100 to 200 miles per charge, then in the following hardly a(prenominal) years from 200 to 300 miles per full charge, etc Furthermore, in my opinion I think that gas engines are a thing of the past and I can see in the future Hybrid engines and electrical engines replacing everything that we are using today, from gas powered vehicles to airplanes, from motorcycles to scooters and lawnmower to children toys.In conclusion, the human race is using new technologies to try to fix the harm they caused the environment by creating products that dont contribute to the pollution of our environment and many consumers hope that hybrid and electrical motors technology would help reduce the pollution and contribute to help save our environment.

Basic Academic Writing Essay Example for Free

Basic Academic Writing EssayMaking a Venn diagram or a chart can process you quickly and efficiently contrast and contrast two or more than things or ideas. To make a Venn diagram, simply draw two(prenominal) overlapping circles, one circle for to each one item youre considering. In the central atomic number 18a where they overlap, list the traits the two items have in common. sample1. Write each topic name above one of the circles. List attributes or qualities of that topic in the circle, placing any shared qualities in the overlapping section. Be peculiar(prenominal) and use details. 2. Review the lists and identify troika categories or aspects that describe these details. 3. Then choose one option (point by point or shutdown method) to structure your essay.Comparison-contrast ThesisThe thesis of your comparison/contrast paper is very important it can helpyou create a focused argument and give your reader a road map so she/he doesnt get lost in the sea of points you are about to make. As in any paper, you will want to replace vague reports of your general topic (for example, This paper will compare and contrast two pizza places, or rain cats and dogss and Amante are similar in some ways and different in former(a)s, or Peppers and Amante are similar in many ways, but they have one major difference) with something more detailed and specific. For example, you might say, Peppers and Amante have similar prices and ingredients, but their atmospheres and willingness to deliver set them apart. Be careful, thoughalthough this thesis is fairly specific and does propose a simple argument (that atmosphere and delivery make the two pizza places different), your instructor will oft be looking for a bit more analysis.In this case, the obvious headway is So what? Why should anyone care that Peppers and Amante are different in this way? integrity might also wonder why the writer chose those two particular pizza places to comparewhy non Papa Johns, Domino s, or Pizza Hut? Again, thinking about the context the phase provides may help you answer such questions and make a stronger argument. Heres a revisal of the thesis mentioned earlier Peppers and Amante both offer a greater variety of ingredients than other Chapel Hill/Carrboro pizza places (and than any of the national chains), but the funky, lively atmosphere at Peppers makes it a split place to give visiting friends and family a taste of local culture.How do I know if my thesis is strong?If theres time, run it by your instructor or make an appointment at the Writing Center to get some paymentdback. even so if you do not have time to get advice elsewhere, you can do some thesis evaluation of your own. When reviewing your first drawing and its working thesis, ask yourself the followingDo I answer the question? Re-reading the question prompt subsequently constructing a working thesis can help you fix an argument that misses the focus of the question. Have I taken a position th at others might challenge or oppose? If your thesis simply states facts that no one would, or even could, disagree with, its possible that you are simply providing a summary, sooner thanmaking an argument. Is my thesis statement specific enough?Thesis statements that are likewise vague often do not have a strong argument. If your thesis contains words like good or successful, see if you could be more specific why is something good what specifically makes something successful?Does my thesis live on the So what? test? If a readers first response is, So what? then you deprivation to clarify, to forge a relationship, or to connect to a larger issue. Does my essay support my thesis specifically and without wandering? If your thesis and the body of your essay do not seem to go together, one of them has to change. Its o.k. to change your working thesis to reflect things you have figured out in the course of pen your paper. Remember, always reassess and revise your writing as necessary. Does my thesis pass the how and why? test? If a readers first response is how? or why? your thesis may be too open-ended and lack guidance for the reader. See what you can add to give the reader a better take on your position right from the beginning.Example of Comparison-Contrast EssayThe Similarities and Differences between creation and occult UniversitiesMalaysia has progressed in many areas since its independence. One significant area that all our past and present leaders have punctuate is education. The drastic growth in the number of universities over the past 20 years signifies this, together with the increase demand for post-secondary education. Therefore, when public universities faced major challenges in operating within the limitations of the financial aid given(p) by the government, the government not besides encouraged toffee-nosed triggers to play a more combat-ready role in the higher education industry, but also supported these institutions in their efforts to increase their bookman intake. In 2006, there were 17 public universities and 21 private universities. Within a year, these numbers ballooned to 20 and 30 respectively. Today, assimilators who wish to pursue higher education are spoilt for choices as there are plenty of courses offered in both public and private universities. However,deciding on which higher education institution to go to, after completing secondary school, is a crucial undertaking. Students need to compare and contrast the strengths and weaknesses of both types of institutions based on the courses available, the course fees aerated and the competitiveness of these universities.Firstly, the types of courses that public and private universities offer vary significantly. Public institutions offer a whole range of courses that cover various aspects of science, business, social sciences and humanities in an ala-carte form. For example, the engineer syllabuss incorporate all aspects of engineering which include sp ecialised areas such as marine, gas and aeronautical. Likewise, the business programmes in these institutions include various degrees in business administration like Islamic banking and insurance. In contrast, private universities only focus on programmes that have higher market value such as health sciences, sacred studies, history and literature are not offered by these universities. This is especially so since they are profit-driven institutions. In fact, private institutions only specialise in certain fields, such as health sciences. University Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, for example, specialises in medicine, pharmacy, nursing and radiotherapy, while Masterskill University College specialises in nursing, physiotherapy and environmental health, among others. With such vast choices available, students should choose which university to go to and what programme to enrol in wisely.Another difference between public and private universities lies in the course fees. E ven though the roles and responsibilities of both types of institutions are similar, the way they are structured is different. Public universities charge rather spiritless fees as compared to private universities. The primary reason for this is that public universities are largely funded by the government, as oppose to private universities that are usually privately funded by shareholders. For a public university the high cost intricate in managing one is borne by the government. In contrast, private universities manage their institutions through the shareholders funds and the revenue they earned. Private universities charge a high fee for theircourses as a means of increasing the revenue. The amount charged is normally very much higher compared to that charged by public universities, where the course fees are subsidised by the government. For instance, the fee to study medicine in University Malaya is about RM100 000 whereas in International Medical University (IMU), the fee is about RM350 000. However, since the income per capita of Malaysians has increased many parents can afford to pay such expensive fees. Moreover, education has run short a priority in Malaysia. The government is willing to support these private institutions by making student loans such as those offered by Perbadanan Tabung Pendidikan Tinggi Nasional (PTPTN) available for students. This helps to lessen not only parents burden, but also the shareholders. contempt these differences, public and private universities are similar in being competitive in nature. They make out to be the best educational institution in their respective fields of study. Both types of institutions strive to stay up on(predicate) to sustain their position in the education industry. The benchmark has been raised very high so that either university has to be sensitive to their customers needs. Most universities have made wi-fi connections available around their campus and have upgraded facilities such as comput er laboratories, hostels, cafeterias and transportation. Apart from that, these universities also recruit the best faculty staff to make the teaching and acquirement process an exciting journey. In addition, these universities advertise their annual graduation ceremonies and highlight their top academic achievers to admit their name and ranking among the top universities. All these criteria have become the yardstick for universities to measure their reputation as world-class education institutions.There is paradigm shift today in the way parents and children regard education. Parents right away are sending their children to higher education institutions so that they could obtain a minimum university qualification. Students take up university courses not only to obtain wisdom and knowledge, but also to acquire the expertise and qualifications needed to compete in todays knowledge-based economy. Thus, it is up to the students to compare the similarities and differences between a pu blic university and a privateuniversity before deciding which institution to pursue their tertiary education in.

Case of Genie Essay Example for Free

Case of Genie Es check out1.Describe the miscue of Genie. What happened to her? Why is this case important?Genie was left in extreme isolation. She was kept in a back bedroom,tied to a toilet. She received little stimulation of any kind and was fed baby food.She was granted no visual or other sensory stimulation.This case shows that infancy and childhood are precise times for brain discipline. 2.What have scientists learned about the way that the brain develops in children? Describe how this development happens. They have learned that in that respect are critical periods for brain development. They discovered that parents fill a snappy role in the development of their childs brain through their interactions with the child.Parents and caregivers must provide right stimulation to help develop connections. Scientists believed that childrens brains were predetermined to a great extent in terms of how they would develop. However, scientists instantaneously know that an infants experiences help determine how connections are formed and which pathways will develop in the brain. Thus, rather than existence predetermined, an infants brain is a work in progress, influenced not only by his or her genetics, but as well as the surrounding world. 3.Describe how speech generating devices work. Explain the importance of augmentive chat.Speech generating devices are electronic devices that help individuals communicate verbally. Augmentive communication is important because it helps individuals produce or comprehend written or spoken language.These communication devices can be important tools to help children with speech difficulties communicate with parents, teachers, friends, and others in their livesCritical Thinking Questions1.What do scientists mean when they say that there are critical periods for brain development? Why are these periods important?When scientist say that there are critical periods for brain development theymean that if a child misses that per iod theyll be noticeably different from others in the same age group. These periods are important because theyll need them all throughout life.

Land Pollution Essay Example for Free

basis Pollution EssayCauses of Land Pollution1. chronic ActionsDegenerative Actions encompass a lot of human actions, including deforestation, overuse of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, desertification, mining, inefficient and / or misfortunate waste treatment, earthfill, litter, etc.2. Misuse of LandMisuse of Land mainly refers to felling of trees to clear estate of the realm for agriculture, as well as processes like desertification and commonwealth conversion. Desertification is when anthropogenic effects of human development or separate actions convert a piece of (essentially) fertile land into desert-land or dry land. Land once born-again to desert-land can never be reclaimed by any amount of corrective measures. This is besides a serious issue because t does not only affect the land, but overly the overall biodiversity of a place, especially when land is cleared for agriculture. A lot of indigenous flora and fauna is lost in the process.3. mark PollutionSoi l Pollution is when the top- virtually soil layer of land is destroyed or polluted. Soil pollution is again another cause of land pollution that affects not only the land, but also a lot of other things such as forest cover of a region, productivity of land in terms of agriculture, grazing etc. Soil pollution is also caused by wrong rustic practices, such as overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. This causes non-biodegradable chemicals to enter and accumulate in the food-chain a process practically referred to as biomagnification of a pollutant.4. Land ConversionLand Conversion is the process whereby a piece of land is converted from its indigenous form to a form used for either agriculture or infrastructure. Land conversion is especially a growing problem that we possibly do not wealthy person a good or a good enough solution for. The best way to avoid land conversion is to make efficient use of the available land. Using a piece of land to its level best potential i s the key to eliminate many of the causes of land pollution.Effects of Land Pollution1. Effects on ClimateLand pollution can affect the general environment of the Earth. Land pollutions leads to loss in the forest cover of Earth. This is in turn going to affect the amount of rain. Less rains mean slighter vegetation. The effect of all different kinds of pollution will eventually lead to problems like acid rains, glasshouse effect, global warming. All of these problems have already initiated and need to be curbed before the situation runs out of control.2. quenching of SpeciesOne of the major causes of concern is the extinction of species. Species are pushed towards endangerment and extinction primarily by two processes. habitat fragmentation is the fragmentation of the natural habitat of an organism cause primarily by urban sprawl. home ground destruction, on the other hand, is when land clearing adversely affects animals special such that their natural habitat is lost. both(pr enominal) the actions can cause some species to go extinct and others to become invasive.3. BiomagnificationBiomagnification is the process in which certain non-biodegradable substances go on accumulating in the food-chain (in one or more species). The most common example is of methylmercury in slant and mercury in eagles. Not only does biomagnification put the particular species at risk, it puts all the species above and below it at risk, and ultimately affects the food pyramid.4. Effects on BiodiversitySpecies extinction and biomagnification is going to overthrow the balance of spirit very significantly. The main reason for this is disturbance created in the food chain. To give you a very unreserved example on account of biomagnification of mercury in eagles, they might go extinct in the later(prenominal) years. However, we know eagles prey on snakes. Less (or no) eagles will then result in more physical body of snakesWays to Reduce Land Pollution1. Reduce toxic materials. neutralise materials that are disposed of should have minimal toxic materials. This can be done by treating the waste materials with various chemicals to make them less toxic. Once the waste is treated, it can be disposed of using responsible methods. Harmful chemicals can also be replaced with less toxic, biodegradable materials.2. Recycle waste materials. As explained by the Stanford Recycling Center, each American throws away 7 1/2 lbs. of garbage. Garbage requires landfills, which takes up large amounts of land. 3. Buy completes products, especially organic cleaners, pesticides, insecticides and fertilizers. The advantage of using organic products is that they are biodegradable and friendly to the environment.4. Avoid littering. Excessive littering is one of most common reasons for land pollution. 5. Take initiative to inform others about the harmful effects of littering. Organic wastes essential be disposed off in areas that are far from human or animal habitation. Waste lik e plastic, metals, glass and paper must be recycled and reused. 6. Improve fertility of the land by reforesting. Soils in forested lands are far more fertile than soil without trees, suggesting that trees have the ability to fertilize land.

Western Civilization Essay Example for Free

Western Civilization EssayThe themes dominating Netos poetry are quite indicative of the occurrence that the veracity and practice of luso-tropicalism, the idea that the Portuguese went to Africa to civilize and christianize Africans, and the notion that the assimilation project was a widespread one, were more myth than reality. The poems included in Sacred Hope illustrate well the oppression, apartheid, (un)civilization, and (un)Christianity brought to Africa by the Portuguese.The poem which in its English translation is called Western civilization (Civilizacao ocidental), constitutes a good example of that questionable civilization and Christianity brought to Angola (and other parts of Africa) by the Portuguese colonizers. The title of the poem might lead rough contributors to believe that what is to come is an apology for Western civilization and culture and for its good deeds in Africa.It could be suggested that such readers have fallen into what can be described as the Eurocentric trap that is, they went into the training of the poem with the preconceived idea that Western colonizers did thus go to Africa to civilize Africans. These readers testament only be disappointed and horizontal confused for what is to be painted in the poem is not civilization hardly rather (un)civilization.The poems title is in fact highly ironic it is used by the poet to make the reader reflect about the veritable nature of Western civilization, see its many (un)civilized sites and make him/her question the motives arse the colonial enterprise. For example, in this poem, the houses of Angolans are described as Tins fixed to stakes / driven in the ground whose intimate landscape is completed by rugs (18). And these houses are full of cracks through which the sun enters just to awake its inhabitant, who is banal from twelve hours of slave / labour (18).The poet then proceeds to describe the endless hard work performed by the Angolan Breaking stones / carrying sto nes / breaking stones / carrying stones (19). The repetition carrying stones / breaking stones, used three times in this stanza, is precise successful in transmitting the intensity and never-ending hard work performed by the worker. The worker becomes a slave precisely because he never stops working he works continuously without notwithstanding being interrupted by harsh weather conditions he works in the sun and in the rain (19).The poem ends by explaining and illustrating when, how and under what circumstances this slave worker dies Old age comes too soon / A reed mat on dark nights / enough for him to die / thankfully / and of hunger (19). For even though the worker works very hard all his life, he ends up without the most canonical necessities no proper bed, no food and no light, and thus is grateful to die. Death represents freedom from a life of slave work it represents the end of his physical and psychological oppression and immeasurable pain.This poem is indeed a good il lustration of the (un)civilization, the (un)Christianity brought to Africans by the Portuguese hunger, cold, physical and mental exhaustion, and alienation. To put it metaphorically, if the lights of the civilized did not reach the Angolans (as colonialists have claimed to be the case) before the arrival of the colonialist, they surely were not bright enough to alight the life of most Angolans after.The questions I would like to ask in relation to this poem are will the reader feel enough revolt and disgust against Western civilization that he/she will trust to work towards the independence of Angola? Will the sites of Western (un)civilization displayed in this poem be sufficient for the oppressor to see the true nature of the colonial enterprise and convince him/her to refuse to be part of such sordid seam? Or will this poem just sound like the unfounded lament of an Angolan who is grasping of the so-called higher successes and intelligences of his colonial master?

Christian Worldview Reflection Essay Example for Free

Christian Worldview Reflection EssayIn the book, Be thou my vision engage idols perspective in a pluralistic world it states , provides life events and experiences that deposit staring(a) truths in our minds and lives, and make room for intimacy with Christ.When I read this phrase it picked up my financial aid right away because I am a true desirer that God always dish up us and never is going to leave us alone but, at the same time, I believe it is our job to be smart and choose the best choice. When I was 18 years old, God subject a door so I came to United States to play Soccer and to get a scholarship. in the beginning that opportunity, I was not very close from Christ and never went to church and read the bible very often.Being here, I meet great people, the family that I stay with help me to get closer to God and I started going every Sunday to church and reading the bible much often. Since that moment, God is more present in my life and working through my life sh owing me His intimate love. With Christ be in my heart, my life has grown stronger and I try to appraise His way the best that I can. The NIV of Proverbs 35-6 states, Trust in the Lord with all your heart and lean not on your own perceptiveness acknowledge Him and He will make you path straight.I believe that choosing that opportunity changed my life. Im glad to be here and I am very grateful to God for giving me so good opportunities in my life. Now, it just depends on me to be successful in what I want and follow his word to be better follower of Christ

A fixed exchange rate Essay Example for Free

A obstinate mass meeting tell EssayIn the sort out of recent British economic experience, critically assess the view that al misfortunateing the beat to float is better for Britain than having a situated trade set up. The UK government back end choose to fix or float the put back pass judgment. further what do these terms mean? Which method is better than the other? By defining what hardened and aimless transfigure rate remainss ar, and by using the recent experiences of the British economy, it is possible to shed a diminished light on the issues surrounding the control of exchange rates. A floating exchange rate system is a system of supply and demand for pounds.If, for example, the UK is in deficit due to excess imports from a fussy province, and then the pound should depreciate against the currency of that country. This happens because UK importers sell extra pounds on the strange exchange markets in order to buy the other countrys currency to pay for those imports. Now there is an excess supply of pounds which lowers the superior exchange rate. So, provided that the Marshall-Lerner elasticity conditions argon fulfilled, the lower price of exportations and the higher price of imports impart, over time, improve the UK sleep of payments.1 The system should therefore regulate itself making it sustainable and leaving no pressure on reserves. A fixed exchange rate can canvass different forms. One is an adjus fudge reefer system where the currency is pegged to another currency, provided can be adjusted in small movements if necessary. other is an self-directedly fixed exchange rate where the UK would not allow any fluctuations. This policy would encourage enthronisation but leave the currency open to assumption. The final form is that of monetary union which leaves exchange rate control in the hands of an independent central bank.The Euro is the most recent example of monetary union, and the statement as to whether Britain s hould join makes this topic extremely relevant. There are different measures of the exchange rate. Individual exchange rates or nominal exchange rates measure one currency against another, such as the i /$ or the $/i. This measurement is bilateral and does not take into account multilateral trade relationships. A more useful measurement is the effective exchange rate (EER) which takes an average value of a field goal of currencies, which weights the relative importance of the currencies involved as trading partners for the UK.A measurement, which gives a stronger representation of UK competitiveness is the sure exchange rate (RER or REX). This exchange rate takes into account the price of UK goods relative to the price of foreign goods and then multiplies it by the effective exchange rate. 2 There are a few arguments in favour of a fixed exchange rate. First, there are no significant fluctuations in the exchange rate under a fixed rate system. This adds stability to the economy a s it reduces market dubiousness for potential investors.If they know that the value of their assets will not, in the foreseeable future, suddenly fall in value, then investment becomes a safer venture. Patrick Minford argues against this saying that the euro/dollar rate is very volatile and as a ensue it is even possible that our overall exchange risk would rise. 3 He also argues that a easy managed country should not apply much of a problem with exchange risk in general4 It is though, a strong point that a fixed exchange rate does maturation security for investors. A fixed exchange rate also prevents against speculative currency attacks.They (monetary unions) can act to weaken the speculative instruments on tap(predicate) in the capital markets for betting against the currency parities they are defending5 So a fixed currency prevents striking money merchants from literally betting against a currency. Also prevented are the occurrence of competitive devaluations where a count ry deliberately undervalues its currency to boost its economy. An external exchange rate also creates the need for tight compensate inwardly the domestic economy in terms of financial and monetary policy. 6 There are also disadvantages in having a fixed exchange rate.If exchange rates are controlled by an independent central bank then domestic control of the exchange rate is relinquished. This prevents the manipulation of the exchange rate during times of particular need, and makes asymmetric shocks harder to deal with. If the UK is in box and the rest of the Euro zone is not, then its recession may last longer and deepen because interest rates cannot be lowered7 This will reply in a fluctuations in unemployment, output and prices that are much greater than if the exchange rate is flexible. This makes the adjustment crop long lasting and more painful.One advantage of a floating exchange rate is that it is self-adjusting. If a currency is valued too highly then, exports decre ase, imports increase and currency flows out of the country and the rate of exchange falls. If the currency is too low then the reverse happens. So any imbalances are able to mechanically correct themselves via the exchange rate. Not being tied in to a fixed exchange mechanics allows for freedom of internal economic policy as we mentioned previously. The opportunity for large scale speculation may be reduced as rates are allowed to move up and d stimulate without restriction.This in liberate means that a country has less need for reserves. The disadvantages of a floating exchange rate are an increased uncertainty for traders which may lead to less investment the threat of price instability by increasing import prices and, a floating exchange rate may rattling encourage speculation through co-ordinated buying and selling of sterling. The recent economic performance of the UK can be used to can evaluate the effect of a fixed or floating exchange rate as some(prenominal) methods ha ve been used. Between 1990-1992, the UK entered into the exchange rate mechanism (ERM) which fixed the sterling against other Euro currencies.Unemployment rates, GDP takes and export volumes can all be used as indicators of the UKs economic performance during this period. Below is a table which shows indices for export volumes, unemployment rates and the average exchange rate against sterling during the period of 1979-2000. Table 1. Export, Unemployment and Exchange enjoin Indices 1979-2000 1990=100 Year Exports Unemployment rates Average rates against sterling Source www. statistics. gov. uk/Statbase National Statistics Website Actual figuresAuthors own work Fig. 1 further illustrates these figures. Fig. 1 Fig. 1 shows that surrounded by 1979 and 2000, exports rose at a plum unceasing rate with a slight halt in 1985.From Table 1, unemployment rates have change during the same period from a high of 11. 9% in 1984 to 5. 7% in 2000, but have remained in what is a relatively smal l band compared to the exchange rate. The exchange rate has had the greatest variance, ranging from 127. 8% to 84. 8% of the base year, falling rapidly from 1981 until 1995 with a slight reprieve in 1987. During the ERM years between 1990 and 1993 we can see some definite trends in both unemployment and the exchange rate. Between 1990 and 1993 unemployment rose by 3. 6%. Following the UKs exit from the ERM, unemployment fell again and has continued falling until 2000.The unemployment figures are interesting as they seem to have a cyclical pattern. Did the fixing of the exchange rate increase unemployment or was this the result of the trade cycle? There is evidence that it was not due to the trade cycle. The UKs pattern of unemployment rates which are typically akin to those of the US, differed greatly at this time. Between 1990 and 1993 the increase in UK levels of unemployment is much larger than that of the US. The UK level of unemployment rose 4. 4% between 1990-93 whereas the US level only rose 1. 3%. US levels actually fell between 1992 and 1993 when UK levels rose.8 It was not a period of cyclical unemployment that caused the unusually large increase in unemployment. One other argument is that the Lawson Boom of the late 1980s, and the inability to sustain such egress, may have in increased unemployment in the early 1990s. The exchange rate as we know remained constant between 1990 and 1992, which can be seen in Fig. 1. What is interesting, is the effect of the UK leaving the ERM on the exchange rate. The 1993 floating exchange rate is 8% lower than the previous year when the rate was fixed and stayed low until 1997 when the New fag out government came to power.This tells us that the natural level of the sterling exchange rate was lower than its fixed rate within the ERM. The level of economic growth (measured by GDP) also deviates from the norm between 1990 and 1993. Growth was laggard in this period as can be seen in Fig. 2 below. Fig. 2 It could be argued that this was an afterwards effect of the Lawson Boom of the late 1980s rather than the UKs membership of the ERM. The trend is similar for export levels. If we take a closer look at Fig. 3 below, there is a slowdown in the growth of UK exports during the time that the UK was a member of the ERM. Fig. 3On exiting the ERM in late 1992 the volume of exports increased at a rate faster than any time previously. It is likely that the increase in exports was caused by the low value of the pound after it was forced out of the ERM. The lower-valued pound makes UK goods relatively cheaper than goods of other countries, and encourages foreign buyers. So, when the pound is fixed at a value above its natural level it can have an indecorous effect on the level of exports. Another reason why export volumes may have decreased, could be due to an increase in domestic prices which is a sign of a growing economy.So it could be argued that the whilst the Lawson boom increased the wealth of t he economy, at the same time it had a negative effect on the level of UK exports. There is certainly some evidence then that being attached to a fixed currency can have a negative effect on unemployment, export volumes and GDP. This evidence though, is ill-considered as the data from the key period is clouded by another historic economic event, the Lawson Boom. Patrick Minford argues that, fixed exchange rates can work given a number of characteristics within the monetary environment.These characteristics are symmetric industries, automatic stabilisers, freedom of movement of labour and flexible wages. 9 However, these conditions are not met within the Euro zone. There are advantages in belonging to a fixed exchange rate system but currently the disadvantages leave a serious doubt over whether it is the better option. The sacrifice of monetary and fiscal policy must be compensated for with significant gains in economic security. There are doubts as to whether a fixed exchange rate system is better than a floating system.If a fixed rate system is joined, then it is imperative that it is joined at the right rate or the problems of the ERM will re-surface and Britain may suffer for many years to come. Even if it is joined at the right rate, over a lengthy period of time that correct rate is likely to change.Bibliography 1. Griffiths A Wall S (1997) utilise economicals 7th Edition. Longman, London 2. Curwen P (1997) Understanding the UK Economy. Fourth Edition, Macmillan, London 3. Patrick Minford (2002) Should Britain Join the Euro Institute of Economic Affairs Occasional Paper 126 4. Will Hutton (1997) The subject Were In Vintage.5. National Statistics Website www. statistics. gov. uk/Statbase 6. OECD Economic Outlook loudness 2002/2 No. 72 December 1 Griffiths and Wall p. 625 2 Curwen, Understanding the UK economy p. 599 3 Patrick Minford, Should Britain Join the Euro (Institute of Economic Affairs 2002) p. 25 4 Patrick Minford, ibid. p. 31 5 Will Hutton, The State Were In (Vintage 1996) p. 316 6 Griffiths Wall p. 626 7 Patrick Minford, ibid. p. 43 8 OECD Economic Outlook tawdriness 2002/2 No. 72 December, Annex Table 14 Unemployment rates commonly used definitions 9 Patrick Minford, ibid. p. 43.

Iraq and Palestine Essay Example for Free

Iraq and Palestine EssaySince 2003, after the four crushing years of Iraq invasion, Bill Moyers journal on Buying the War stabbed to grasp the mainstream US media held responsible for its secret approval in advertising the war on Iraq to the public of US. Moyers recognized how the US media, with the main role of The bare-ass York measure, yielded to fiscal and political stress, gave ways to an environment of nationalism and trepidation of terrorism, and naively reported bogus US government assertions.Sadly, despite all the terrible results of 60 years of Israelis bullying the Palestinians, there is still no major movement to grab the US mainstream media held answerable for an equivalent, incredible failure in natural covering Israelis and Palestinians conflict and for its involvement in the U. S. naive backing for Israel. Moyers study of the US media breakdown on Iraq was costly, however imperfect. He elucidated that to instigate the assault on Iraq high pipicials neede d a compliant press, to pass on their propaganda as news and cheer them on.our press largely surrendered its independence and skepticism to join with our government in marching to war. Bob Simon of CBS install in plain words to Moyers that the U. S. administration used selling skills to put up war for sale Just repeat it and repeat it and repeat it Keep that drumming going. Media editorialist Norman Solomon informed Moyers that he thought these news managers were scared stiff of being called yielding on terrorism. Moyers gave some(prenominal) instances of The New York Times conveying fake shrewdness on Iraq to the public of US.However, still Moyers stated that the directly villainous neoconservatives had long sought to change the Middle East, starting with the exclusion of Saddam Hussein, Moyers passed over a central reason for why the administrations case for war echoed with both the US media as well as public. It was based in broadly-held typecasts about Arabs, Muslims and t he Middle East, statements which are also necessary to take in US policy in Israel and Palestine. In his classic 1978 book Orientalism, Palestinian-American scholar Edward Said assertedThe Western rationality of Arabs, Muslims and the Middle East is a product of colonialism, and that Westerners outlook the East as innately substandard and reliant on salvation. The US case for war in Iraq hinged on orientalists statements that the Middle East was an undistinguished nation of Arabs and Muslims who, lacking any history account or valid complaints, are overcome by an illogically aggressive nature as well as loathing of the West, Israel, freedom and democracy (Edward Said 1978). Though Moyers didnt, the neo-cons repeatedly sketched the relationship between Iraq and Israel, statingThe way towards Jerusalem crosses Baghdad. And in Israel, the other main settlement in the war on terror, chauvinistic philosophy and politically spoiled intelligence are also hard put by the administration and gullibly reported by US media channels like The New York Times as, an April 11, 2007 Times news article by Isabel Kershner titled improvable assertions by Israels Shin Bet that it had let down a huge Hamas suicide-bombing planned for Passover. The article mainly overlooked Palestinian rebuffs reported on the aforesaid(prenominal) day in the Israeli paper Haaretz Daily.The Shin Bet assertion appeared to value misgiving considering the Palestinian refutations and Hamas verdict two years ago to stop the progress of sweeping attacks. Certainly, Hamas implication on such a huge-scale bombing plan would have approached at a fitting moment for Israel. sideline the 16 months throughout which 27 Israelis were murdered by Palestinians, the lowest sum in over 6 years, Israel is thrashing about to stop the breakup of the global boycott of the Hamas-led Palestinian Authority and to see off continual peace proposals from the Palestinian Authority, Syria, Saudi Arabia and the Arab League. The Israeli administration has been feeding the media narratives saying that the calm is a trick, which Hamas is making use of it to support and prepare invasions and that Israel will then be enforced to rise a major attack of Gaza soon. The Times has published at least 4 other articles rumbling these Israeli administration claims since March 2007 .

Global Warming Essay Example for Free

Global Warming EssayWithin the next fifty years the US whitethorn experience shifting and changing length of the seasons, changes in ve keepation including habitat and diversity, changes in fall intensity and distribution, a rise in sea-level, an increase in storm intensity and an increase in erosion events. Shifting seasons The principle sources for this idea were Global Warming in the Temperate Zone, geographics Chapter 2, IPCC one-quarter Assessment score Summary for policy Makers, Alaska Survey (Us Global Change Research Program) Why? As global warming effects advance, colder seasons become milder and of shorter duration. Climate refers to the annual pattern of atmospheric conditions in a place (Lew 2004). Since the seas change temperature more(prenominal) slowly than land, an increase in temperature of the sea would maintain warmer patterns for chronic periods of time regard on sensible geography Throughout the temperate zone, changes be being enter in where an d when plants bloom and thrive. (Global Warming in Temperate Zone 2007) Another effect is that as the temperature rises, the altitudinal zonation normally present (Lew 2004) becomes attenuated.In some areas, the top zones are disappearing, the temperature variations no longer dip utmost enough to maintain snow caps, glaciers or other physical attributes wildlife depend upon (. Global Warming in Temperate Zone 2007). Impact on Human Geography Changes in seasonality turn out not moreover had much affect upon the lower United States human geography. Change in seasonality has had profound stupor upon populations in Alaska and Canada. The Inuits winter hunting and fishing is limited severely by loss of sorbet (Global Warming in the Arctic 2007). seasonal use of Ice roads, loss of sea-ice and lengthening summers all get out go a profound impact on trade and national defense ( Climate Change Alaska 2000). According to the IPCC plow there is little that throw out be done to immedi ately reverse this trend as temperatures get out continue to increase on inertia of the GHGs already in the atmosphere (Alley 2007) . Changing vegetation and environmental science The principle sources for this idea were Global Warming in the Temperate Zone, Geography Chapter 2, IPCC Fourth Assessment field Summary for policy Makers, Alaska Survey (Us Global Change Research Program)Why? The changes in seasonality and accompanying changes in temperature constitute changes in climate (Lew 2004). Plant organisms and their distributions are usually sensitive to climate changes. Impact on Physical Geography Climate has a direct impact on the biogeographic distribution of the lifelike vegetation in a region (Lew 2004). Observed changes in altitudinal zonation are expected to cannonball along if temperatures continue to rise rapidly (Global Warming Temperate Zone 2007). Impact on Human GeographyThis effect is not likely to have an immediate impact on humans, though there may be some benefit from a longer growing season and perhaps a large distantmable area. Changes in Precipitation The principle sources for this idea were Geography Chapter 2, IPCC Fourth Assessment Report Summary for Policy Makers, Regional Overview (Us Global Change Research Program) Why? Warmer air can carry more moisture. As temperature rises it increases the vapor pressure of wet and causes increased evaporation. When venturesomeness occurs it is likely to be more intense, throw away more water in less time than would normally be the case.Impact on Physical Geography Precipitation is very likely to continue to increase on average, especially in nerve center and high latitudes in the form of heavy downpours. (US Global Change, Water overview 2000). Combined with seasonality, this means that some areas will become wetter and stay wetter longer than normal. Impact on Human Geography The resulting conditions may yield increased productivity, pest populations and disease. Introduce compe tition for water as the distribution and rates of heedlessness change (US Global Change, Water overview 2000).Changes will very likely exaggerate conflicts in regions where fresh water is reduced by increasing evaporation and changes in precipitation (US Global Change, Water overview 2000). Sea take changes The principle sources for this idea were Geography Chapter 2, IPCC report, and Global Warming in The Artic, Rising Sea Levels Why? Sea level changes are occurring from increasing mean temperatures. The types of sea level rise include volume increases ascribable to thermal expansion, increasing output from rivers callable to increased precipitation, and increased out prey from melting glacier and icecap reserves.Impact on Physical Geography Loss of shoreline from movement of sea, submergence of low lying islands loss of wetlands and delta areas due to increased salinity in mixed water environment. Impact on Human Geography Should ice cap melting experience a surge it is possib le for a rapid increase in sea-levels of 4-20 feet to occur over a short time. A rise of that size would inundate the cities forcing many to migrate away and shutting down important commercial centers, possibly permanently.Damage could by mitigated by building dikes, tidal dams and changes to building codes requiring use of higher situated building sites, most of these protective measures are not permanent solutions. Storm intensity increases The principle sources for this idea were Geography Chapter 2, IPCC Fourth Assessment Report Summary for Policy Makers, Regional Overview (Us Global Change Research Program) Why? This is related to the causes for increased precipitation, the oceans get warmer, which makes more evaporative pressure.Storms, such as hurricanes forming over water will gather more flow more quickly than they would ordinarily. The storms develop higher winds (larger volume of air is ready to enter convection) and increases in precipitation (more warm moist air, carryi ng more moisture than normal). Impact on Physical Geography Storms such as Hurricanes can have a profound impact on the coastal environment. Physically destroying plants, contributing to landslides, and flooding, stronger storms can change the landscape quickly. Impact on Human Geography The Katrina disaster provided some idea of the impact of super-storms.A city was virtually destroyed. These storms will prompt more frequent short destination migrations to ward off them. Direct prevention is not probable, but sensible preparation and pre-planned evacuation can go far to mitigate impact upon populations. Still long term migrations are bound to occur due to stresses on the job market, infrastructure, and availability of resources. Erosion Events The principle sources for this idea were Global Warming in the Temperate Zone, Geography Chapter 2, IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, Rising Sea Levels Why?Increased precipitation, higher tides, and stronger storm events translate to greater l and-erosion events through mudslide, landslide, torrential run-off, and storm-surge. Impact on Physical Geography Combined, these effects will decrease the unattached coastal area, sweep away or bury some areas. River deltas may expand but animated habitat will be washed away as the river retreats inland with the sea following. Impact on Human Geography Perhaps the most immediate of the effects of global warming, the changes in weather patterns have already agonistic changes in the Carolinas, and in Galveston, and Brazoria.Stronger currents, higher tides have encroached on property and subsidence has forced many homes to be abandoned. This may become more widespread and more coastal settlements will have to move. Some rebuilding and storm wall can be built, but the problems are long term and may not have permanent solutions beyond migrationReferences Alley, Richard et al. (2007). IPCC WGI Fourth Assessment Report Summary for Policy Makers. Retrieved February 2, 2007 from Intergov ernmental Panel on Climate Change Website http//ipcc-wg1. ucar. edu/wg1/docs/WG1AR4_SPM_PlenaryApproved. pdf

Pros & Cons Essay Example for Free

Pros Cons EssayMost wireline think companies charge more than what youd pay for most alternatives, and most ar taxed more as well. There be most locations where getting new wired phone service is prohibitively expensive or even impotential. Long Distance and extra features like chaffer Waiting ar normally acceptd with alternative phones. More Features Cellular and wideband phones normally include Long Distance, Voice Mail, Caller ID, Call Forwarding and more, usually at no additional charge.They excessively have Text Messaging and various(a) forms of data service which are unavailable with a landline. Portability If you sham your home office more than average (or if its on wheels), your phone and your repress house stay with you. There are no installation charges. Temporary Usage You crowd out have phone service for the season in a vacation home or cabin, or on an extended stay at a hotel or home of a friend or relative without installing a separate line. etern al Plans Most alternatives offer a plan that includes Un express talk minutes and Long Distance, including cellular.Most cellular carriers have eliminated Unlimited Data plans, although on that point are some that include Data with some opposite restrictions. Anonymity You can easily set up an account (especially prepaid cellular) with either no come upon or an alternative identity. Fewer Telemarketers Nuisance calls are reduced because telemarketers want to target customers in veritable geographic areas. They wont know where you are. Most telcos provide your landline number to telemarketers. With cellular its illegal for now. With broadband, it depends on the carrier who sets up your number. Internet AccessYour wireless phone can also be your connection to the Internet, either with an internal browser or tethered to your computer, and available wherever there is cellular coverage. radio receiver broadband is also available separate from your cellular account. Wi-Fi for Multipl e Devices You can get a cellular modem that provides a wi-fi signal that can connect to up to 5 separate wi-fi devices. Its Green Replace your facsimile with an Internet-based fax service like eFax or MyFax. com and stop wasting paper and ink. (Give your old fax to charity) post Some wired phone companies scarce treat their customers badly.Sometimes it feels better to leave at any price. Take your broadband wherever you go A quick broadband connection is exactly that, which nitty-gritty that you can access your emails, promise the sports results or watch YouTube videos no matter where you are, provided you have 3G reception. Stop gainful for line rental Millions of people continue to pay for line rental on a home phone landline that they rarely use, just so that they can get broadband at home. With busy broadband, theres no need to pay line rental potentially saving you over ? 100 a year.Plug and play technology All the software you need to connect to the internet is au tomatically installed when you send-off plug your USB modem into your laptop no need to set it up or call a good support helpline. Flexible options available Mobile broadband customers can take advantage of some rattling great pay as you go tariffs from as little as ? 2 a day, or rolling one-month packages, meaning they all ever pay for what they actually need. Cons Safety If you need to call 911, human beings safety authorities wont automatically know where you are, youll have to tell them.Also, calls with alternative phones will non necessarily be routed to the virtuallyst agency. Also, you wont receive Reverse 911 calls alerting you to a public jot in your neighborhood unless your local emergency center allows you to sign up your number and associate it with a local address. Security Some businesses will not allow you to use their service without a attributable land line. This includes credit card companies, pizza shops and a few others, although this rule is slowly bei ng relaxed. beam TV services want a landline-like plug for their equipment to call them each night.It does work with some broadband phone systems. Your satellite service can still work without it, but you will most apparent pay an extra charge. Reliability Wired telephone services have come as close to 100% reliable as is practical. Their network has substantial power backup, redundant circuits and years to get it right. Alternatives are improving but their networks can vary significantly. Cell sites and other communications nodes have a limited amount of backup power. In an extended power outage, such as after a hurricane or snowstorm, the service whitethorn not work, leaving you with no service.Corded phones work in power failures. cable phones also have a lower level of reliability. Sound Quality Some alternative phones dont kick the bucket the same or as good as a landline. While your alternative phone may sound fine to you, it may be difficult for others. Also, some broadban d phone services just dump their audio into the Internet resulting in widely varying data travel times prominent you significant sound delays. Lack of Service You may be in a location where there are no wireless broadband alternatives or may have poor cellular coverage.This world power be rectified by adding a cell site to your home. broadband Speeds While there are some fairly fast wireless broadband connections, it may be some time in the beginning they will compare to wired or cable connections. Malfunctions Cell sites can stop working for various reasons. Repairs often need to be made on site and may take time. Broadband services require one or more pieces of equipment at your house which you will need to fix if it fails. Wireline equipment can normally be repaired at the central office. Murphys Law says breakdowns will happen at the worst possible time. You Have No BackupUnless you have an extra cellular phone, if something happens to your main phone or its associated equipm ent, or your account, you cant just plug another phone into the wall. Inconvenience Some alternative services only offer a single jack for one phone. If you want service throughout the house you either must go wi-fi or cellular. Otherwise, plan on using the phone near your computer or router. With a cell phone you need to keep it close to you if your home is large or on multiple floors. It Might be Difficult to Get a Job Some employers require a Local number to consider you for a position.While you can change your out-of-town portable number to something local, there goes your Number For Life. Surprise Costs. Since you normally pay for cellular by the minute, you might talk a lot more than you think. Savings may be less than you expected when calculated long term. Broadband carriers are not regulated like wireline services and could make changes that you dont expect. You Wont Be Listed in the telephony Book. Some directories let you to pay for a personal listing, but others use th at as a dash to keep you as a landline customer.Alarm systems. Most existing dial-up alarm systems dont work with broadband phone connections. There are other alarm alternatives, including wireless. You May Not Be Able to drive or Receive Faxes. In some cases, faxing is not an issue. In others, you cant just plug in your fax machine. A better choice is to to use a paperless, web-based service like eFax or MyFax. com. piteous transfer limits Even the most generous of mobile broadband tariffs only offer a download allowance of 15GB per month, and that could set you back ?Amonth on a two-year contract, while common value packages offer less than 5GB a month. High cost for trespassing your limit Most mobile broadband providers charge a fee when you exceed your download limit. This is normally several pence per MB and costs can very quickly add up if youre not careful. Always keep an eye on your usage. Slower connections Although suppliers might advertise speeds of up to 10 or 1 2Mb, mobile broadband speeds rarely exceed the average of around 1Mb. This, combined with the tight usage limits, makes mobile broadband unsuitable for large downloads. coverage Most of the UK is covered by the 3G mobile network, but coverage can be patchy in some rural areas, with speeds significantly slower in some parts of the country, so you should always check coverage in your area before signing up. PROS OF FIXED LINE NETWORK Reliability place down line/fix line phones can be more reliable than their cellular counterparts. Disconnected cables can disable land lines, but these problems are easily remedied. On the other hand, cellular phones are plagued by several different issues because they rely on a network of radio waves, cellular towers and satellites.In some areas, cellular service is plagued by dropped calls and fuzzy reception. Emergencies The reliability of land line phones makes them advantageous when it comes to emergencies. For example, if someone is support and needs immediate medical care, you do not have to worry about contending with poor reception. buck lines also provide a fixed location that emergency responders can rush to. On a cell phone, you must state your address or describe your location, which wastes precious time during a crisis. Sponsored link up

The Telecommunication Sector Digi Economics Essay

The Telecommunication Sector Digi Economics EssayThe grocery store organization is in the commission in which a market place is planned, derived from mainly on the quantity of firms in the line of work. The four essential market organization forms ar absolute rival, monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly. The most important contrast among each iodine is the amount of firms on the provide ara of a market. Equally perfect competition and monopolistic competition contain a great amount of comparatively little firms advertising harvestion. Oligopoly has a small amount of comparatively great firm with whereas, monopoly has an only firm. (Economic Glossary)At one side of the redacted series we position perfectly competitive firms, is firms that have no chequer over the price of wares they throw as shown in figure 1.2(refer to appendix). A perfectly competitive firm has to take any price for its goods the market offers, it is a price takers. An early(a) end of the scale of market structure is the monopolies. A monopoly is a unmarried firm that produces the whole tack of a concomitant good and gives the authority to put market prices earlier merely respond to them. all(prenominal) firms with such control are price setters. In the meantime the boundaries of monopoly (no competition) and perfect competition lies in different form of imperfect competition, including duopoly, only two firms supply a particular product, oligopoly, a a couple of(prenominal) huge firms supply the most or wide of a particular product and finally the monopolistic competition, numerous firms supply effectively the very(prenominal) product, but each one enjoys commodious brand loyalty. (Schiller, 2009)In the telecommunication sector DiGi is a jacket crown supple communications company presumptuousness that an inclusive choice of reasonable, suitable and simple to use wireless services to make things much easier and amaze the lives of its consumers. They ear n repute for their customers by selecting the most suitable critical edge technology so that they network from goods and services that give them option, ease and manage. (Jobstreet.com)DiGis financial performance in 2009, even though a arduous working environment, Group profits rhytidectomy by 2% to RM4.9 billion and our subscriber base grew by 8% compared to the earlier year. The small turn down in EBITDA margin to 43.3% for the year was an outcome of alter transfer and network working follows as comfortably as transportable profit amplification costs and advanced allowance for doubtful debts due to the economy. Their operational cash flow of RM1.4 billion achieved in 2009 was above the RM1.2 billion we guided for the year. All the way through 2009, they continuously invest in their network. kernel capex for the year was RM718 million. Of this, RM300 million- RM400 million was invested in increasing their mobile mesh footprint and the balance was focused on ability and observe enhancements of their 2G network, as thoroughly as service improvement. In 2009, they were awarded the Gold Award for scoop out In-house Customer call centre by the Contact Centre Association of Malaysia (CCAM). (DiGi Annual Report, 2009)In 2010, they on-going on an expedition to update our communications to enlarge the value of service and drive rate effectiveness. They invested RM720 million in capital expenses, of where a significant part is allocated for increasing their mobile broadband and mobile internet footprint. They also improved the ability and value of their 2G network to provide our rising amount of consumers. DiGi is bench mark conterminous to top service business organization considered through the Forrester Index to make sure their regular development in consumer skill.They launch a quantity of inventive promotion that set them distant in the competitive representative market in 2010. In the Prepaid sector, they were pleased that our DiGi Easy Pre paid proposition gained strong traction. All in all, our prepaid consumer support rise 13.0% year on year to 7.3 million while summation income greater than before by 5.5% in the similar stage. (DiGi Annual Report, 2010)There are few characteristics of oligopoly in the telecommunication sector.There are three barriers to entry are economies of scale, ownership of a key input, and government-imposed barriers. The most important barrier to entry is economies of scale. The greater the market of scale, the fewer the quantity of firms that will be in the persistence. If production of a good requires a particular input, then control of that input can be a barrier to entry. Firms sometimes attempt to have the government impress barriers to entry. The government also impresses barriers to entree several businesses by commanding tax and quotas on overseas competition. (R. Glenn Hubbard, 2008)Non-Audited financial statement for the second fundament of 2011, whole net operating profits imp roved with 9.95%, since MYR 1,335,096 thousands to MYR 1,467,998 thousands. Working effect declined from MYR 385,717 thousands to MYR 348,092 thousands which revenue75% transform.Results of the period decreased -15.12% getting MYR 236,318 thousands at the end of the period aligned with MYR 278,408 thousands last year. give in on equity (Net income/Total equity) went from 20.08% to 18.97%, the Return On Asset (Net income / Total Asset) went as of 5.71% to 4.79% and the Net Profit Margin (Net Income/Net Sales) went from 20.85% to 16.10% when evaluate to the same period of last year. The Debt to Equity Ratio (Total Liabilities/Equity) was 295.83% compared to 251.90% of last year. Finally, the Current Ratio (Current Assets/Current Liabilities) went from 0.57 to 0.50 when evaluate to the preceding year. (EMIS)Due to surrounded reasonableness and various consumption, customers find it hard to make head-to head cost-benefits comparisons and thus retrace the products appear to be to som e extent non-homogenous a not completely substitutable for one another. These firms are also opposing and differentiating all the way through demand stimulus (shifting the demand curve) by organizing SMS con rills, sponsoring shows bid Malaysian Idol which support SMS voting, etc. where the SMS charges are priced much advanced than usual SMS charges in order to drive higher non-voice revenue and productivity as illustrated in figure by Maxis, Celcom and DiGis 2010 announcements below. (http//www.slideshare.net/amiwaleed99/maxis-economonics-assignment)TASK deuceAn scotch cycle is also known as a trade cycle or a business cycle which refers to the usual fluctuations in a market as a make out. As Keynes describe, an sparing phase is collected of cycle of excellent deal with increasing prices and high involvement percentages, followed by periods of skanky trade with diminishing prices and high unemployment proportion. (Vengedasalam, 2007) Business cycle is discontinuous rises and declines in stage of trade and industry. A downturn is a stage of decline in whole production, profits and employment. This recession, which lasts 6 months or further, is marked by the well-known reduction of production activity in numerous sectors of the economy. A recession is more(prenominal) often than not followed by a recovery and development, a period in which real GDP, income, and employment grow as shown in figure 1.1(refer to appendix). (Campbell R., 2010)When we talk about increasing or constricting, we envision changes in the objective measure of goods and services produced. But the objective quantity of production is almost impractical to measure. So we measure the volume of production by its market price, not by its corporeal volume. Because prices differ from one year to another, GDP yardsticks must be adjusted intended for inflation. Assume that from one year to the next all prices doubled. So unadjusted quantify of nominal GDP would give us a ridiculous analysis, we may think production was speeding forward when in actual fact it was positioned still. (Schiller, 2009)In mindset toward the Malaysian economy, these are the impact of the business cycle for the past three years 2009, 2010, 2011 and the consequences faced by the government. In the year 2009, Bank Negara Malaysia has maintained a preventative advance to financial policy. Previously in 2008, price increases was ascending because of the quick and considerable raise in provisions and power prices. The OPR, though, was left unaffected. The beat of the Bank was that the food and nil price increases were hugely supply determined. Increasing disport rates under these circumstances would have a partial collision in containing inflation. This was the major deliberation within the mind to keep up interest rates even though assertions that the Bank should have strictest monetary policy.Whereas kin demand circumstances be fairly sound, the rigorous subside in exports, and the dejecte d sparing base for quite a few of Malaysias main trade associates destined that major outline maintain would be required to avoid the economy from inflowing a deep and extended downturn. With inflation decelerating, Bank Negara Malaysia frontloaded the interest rate cuts to reduce the market from a fast declining global economy. Overnight Policy Rate (OPR) its strong by the Bank by a total of 150 basis points beginning from November 2008 to February 2009 to 2% as shown in chart 1.1(refer to appendix).During a dilemma position, interest rate deduct with themselves are not satisfactory. somewhat corresponding procedures were also brought in to achieve particular sectors of the financial system. Therefore, as well as trim back rates of interest, the Bank besides introduced a amount of under attack procedures toward make sure uphold contact to financing, provisional expansion of security net, protection the cost of prosperity and actual profits of depositors and diminish extrem ely defenseless borrowers commencing the complete collision of the calamity. The decline in rate of borrowing in increment to procedures undertaken to make sure undisrupted credit flows to the economy were doing well in supporting financing action. compensate though financing development measured in the beginning element of the year, credit flows had sustained although existing downturn circumstances in the household with exterior part of the economy. (Annual Report, 2009)Chart 1.2(refer to appendix)By the start year 2010, monetary indicators are signaling to facilitate the international downturn was retreating. International development was world lead through a recover within industrialized also an expansion in the stock cycle. Symbols of development are apparent from trade sales, customer self-assurance, and the accommodation markets. Global trade was as well starting to rise up. The amend in point of view was mirrored by the considerable growing reconsideration toward 2010 int ernational development estimate by the IMF during January 2010 keep posted of the World Economic Outlook (WEO) as shown in chart 1.3(refer to appendix).In the meantime, price rises was predicted to ascend progressively but plosive consonant low all the way through the year. Procedures of interior rise and demand indicators recommended the possible materialization of demand through inflation by and by in the year, aligned with the upturn in require circumstances. Demand linked pressures on inflation, though, be predicted toward stay moderately self-effacing as shown in chart 1.3 and 1.4(refer to appendix).The work of financial implements becomes more diversify in 2010. Even though uncollateralized borrowings remain the major implement used (for 62.7% of incomparable economic policy implements), there be a substantial raise to securities base fiscal procedure instruments (2010 37.3%, 2009 20.2%). Bank Negara Malaysia Monetary Notes (BNMN for usual and BNMN-i for Muslim money market s) be ever more use in 2010 when there have be regretful appeal for these securities by shareowner, mostly non-resident shareholder. These new organization would demand to a huge base of shareholder set the tighter conformity through Shariah supplies of diverse jurisdictions. In order by the visualization of Malaysia being an Islamic Financial Centre, the Bank will maintain toward grow original and supple Islamic monetary implement that are broadly suitable between international investors.(Annual Report, 2010)In the year 2011, financial debunk recommended that the upturn of the international economy was ongoing, even though the development presentation varies obviously across area. GDP development was predicted to stay vigorous at 5-6% as shown in chart 1.5(refer to appendix) for 2011. Inflation was estimated to rise in 2011 compared to 2010. try factors would be the most important source of inflation throughout the year. In December 2010 the amendments to the manage value of fu el goods would certainly increase heading price rises. Increasing worldwide force and provisions prices were plausibly to use rising force on firms expenses of production. Figures released in February in chart 1.5(refer to appendix) showed GDP development was constant at 4.8% in the fourth sector of 2010. Highly developed indicator and dealings of customer resolution keen to a sustained optimistic outlook designed for personal use. Comment beginning the Banks industrial actions recommended continuous development of service and income, which would be more sustain by the firm service value in the opening partially of the year.All the way through the year, the household money market and fluidity in the stock scheme be affecting by growth in the worldwide economic markets and unpredictable collection course. In general circumstances in the household money market, on the other hand, remained flexible to the worldwide financial confusion. Interbank markets sustained to function below a excess liquidity situation, among the entire contributor left behind as net lenders all through the year. As at end-2010 total excess liquidity increase starting from RM299.2 billion to as high as RM397.5 billion at June 2011 as shown chart 1.6(refer to appendix), before past it in the second half of the year. Quite a few raise schemes were apply in 2011 to raise the prepared effectiveness of monetary procedure and improve the transmutation of capital market implement. The Range Maturity Auction (RMA) was completely operational throughout the year and develop into part of normal monetary process. (Annual Report, 2011)TASK THREEThe telecommunications industry in Malaysia and the district is predicted to confront test in 2011 as of a growing voice market, fibre roll-out, and original technologies together with LTE as well as greater than ever consumer outlook. These are the few strategies used by these two companies Maxis and DiGi.The macro-economic environment in 2010 improves over 2009, a year during which performance of global financial markets exaggerated Asian economies. In opposite word to the negative 1.7% recorded formerly, the Malaysian economy grew powerfully in 2010, registering a growth rate of 7.2%. product was fuelled by high confidential expenditure and continuous public division spending. On the other hand, the Malaysian telecommunications industry concerned many new entrants in the year beneath assessment, together with in the broadband sector. This, coupled with powerful competition in the midst of accessible players, reflected the gradually more challenging working environment. Customers continued to demonstrate a tough desire for mobile phone internet services and nerve centre in addition to Smartphone and tablets. The varying scene has proposition for their company form with improved demands on margins.Their strategy for 2011 is divided into three parts, to get the most out of their voice company, to protected statistics admission manage ment and access, and to move on goods and services ahead of telecommunication sector. In accomplish this plan we stay aggravated to deliver investor cost throughout presentation improvement, savings to protect continuous outlook profits flow and cautious economic organization. (Maxis Annual Report, 2009) (Maxis Annual Report, 2010)DiGi and the telecommunications sector in Malaysia in 2011 will certainly be an exciting year. Their industry will have a main part to play in building a brilliant ICT infrastructure that will not only stimulate this development story but also build a more connected Malaysia in the course of a mature mobile internet and mobile broadband ecosystem. DiGi will maintain to aggressively attend to the growing demand for excellence statistics services in Malaysia. They continue dedicated to advance scheduled growing their complex marks that will also supply for superior rate capability, consistency and value of service. The group target to keep their tough deve lopment energy this year. They are aiming to obtain a reasonable distribute of the development in the mobile phone internet and portable broadband sector and further market sector. Being operationally capable will stay behind a main priority. (DiGi Annual Report, 2010)There are few responsibilities that DiGi wanted to do control and expand existing accounts, accomplish effective account treatment during preparation of sales calls, handling enquiries from customers, pucker round competitors information from consumers and providing market feedback, in charge for uncovering opportunities, advertising benefits of the full services of DiGi business and advertising adjacent to the competition, to do outbound calls from the given list/record of existing and potential customers, produce demand for DiGi business and direct in the selling process, and organize, price, negotiate and reference sales solutions as well as control daily forecast and opportunities.